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An overview of the heat-affected zone sensitization and stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 12% chromium type 1.4003 ferritic stainless steel

机译:12%铬型1.4003铁素体不锈钢的热影响区敏化和应力腐蚀开裂行为概述

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摘要

This document presents an overview of the findings of several investigations into thesusceptibility of 12% chromium type 1.4003 ferritic stainless steel to heat-affected zonesensitization and intergranular stress corrosion cracking. A description of the sensitizationbehaviour of these steels is complicated by the partial transformation of d-ferrite to austeniteon cooling. During slow cooling or annealing below the A1 temperature, this austenitedecomposes to form desensitized ferrite and M23C6-type carbide precipitates. The rapidcooling rates associated with welding, however, prevent the transformation of austenite toferrite at lower temperatures, and any austenite formed on cooling transforms to martensitebelow the Ms-temperature. Four distinct modes of heat-affected zone sensitization havebeen identified to date. Sensitization of the martensite phase may occur on welding materialinadvertently annealed above the A1 temperature (Mode 1), or when multiple welds arepositioned in such a way that the heat-affected zone of the 2nd pass overlaps the heataffectedzone of the 1st pass (Mode 2). Rapid cooling after very low heat input welding maysensitize the ferrite phase (Mode 3), whereas very slow cooling after welding at excessivelyhigh heat input levels may lead to sensitization of the austenite phase (Mode 4). Resultsexamining the influence of Modes 1 and 2 heat-affected zone sensitization on the incidenceof intergranular stress corrosion cracking are presented.
机译:本文件概述了对12%铬1.4003型铁素体不锈钢对热影响区敏化和晶间应力腐蚀开裂的敏感性的几项研究结果的概述。 d型铁素体向奥氏体冷却的部分转变使对这些钢的敏化行为的描述变得复杂。在低于A1温度的缓慢冷却或退火过程中,该奥氏体分解形成脱敏铁素体,并生成M23C6型碳化物。然而,与焊接相关的快速冷却速率阻止了较低温度下奥氏体铁素体的转变,并且在冷却时形成的任何奥氏体均会在Ms温度以下转变为马氏体。迄今为止,已经鉴定出四种不同的热影响区敏化模式。马氏体相的敏化可能发生在在A1温度以上意外退火的焊接材料上(模式1),或者在进行多次焊接时,第二道焊缝的热影响区与第一道焊缝的热影响区重叠(模式2) 。在非常低的热输入焊接后快速冷却可能会使铁素体相(模式3)敏感,而在非常高的热输入水平下进行焊接后非常缓慢的冷却可能导致奥氏体相敏感(模式4)。研究了模式1和模式2热影响区敏化对晶间应力腐蚀开裂发生率的影响。

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